爱达荷州立大学中国学生学者联谊会

Chinese Association of Idaho State University (CAISU)

Single event trauma could beMemory Hacka car accident, tornado, hurricane, surgery, or rape, for example. Some of these single event traumas are referred to as "small t" traumas by clinical counsellors, and yet others are more properly categorized as "large T" traumas. "Big T" trauma includes sexual and physical abuse, natural disasters, combat, surgery, terrorist attacks, and having a life-threatening or terminal illness. "Little T" trauma may include insults to self-image such as teasing from peers and low self-esteem, going to the dentist, and daily stress. "Everything in between" includes divorce, loss and grief, having a mental illness, life changes (including terminal and chronic illness), and work-related stress.

This is exposure to multiple or prolonged traumatic events and the impact of this exposure on a person's development. These traumatic events could begin in childhood and continue over a person's lifetime in various forms. It is as though the first traumatic incident precipitates the onset of others over time. Typically, complex trauma exposure in childhood involves the simultaneous or sequential occurrence of child maltreatment-including psychological maltreatment, neglect, physical and sexual abuse, and domestic violence-that is chronic, begins in early childhood, and occurs within the primary care-giving system. Exposure to these initial traumatic experiences-and the resulting emotional dysregulation and the loss of safety, direction, and the ability to detect or respond to danger cues-often sets off a chain of events leading to subsequent or repeated trauma exposure in adolescence and adulthood.

Vicarious trauma is caused by extended exposure to someone who has experienced trauma through their thoughts, feelings and actions. Spouses, significant others, and clinical counsellors who deal with traumatized clients can develop symptoms of PTSD.

Traumatic events result in "memories" that are imprinted into the person under circumstances that occurred prior in their life. Current circumstances, unrelated to the original trauma, can bring about physical reactions in a person when elements similar to the original traumatic circumstances are present. When these circumstances present themselves and the person reacts, they are experiencing trigger events.

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