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pointers to base class #include using namespace std; class Polygon The member function area has been declared as virtual in the base class Virtual base classes (C++ only) Suppose you have two derived classes B and C that have a common base class A , and you also have another class D that inherits from B and C . You can declare the base class A as virtual to ensure that B and C share the same subobject of A . Last chapter, in lesson 11.7 -- Multiple inheritance, we left off talking about the “diamond problem”. In this section, we will resume this discussion. Note: This Nov 12, 2014 Virtual base classes, used in virtual inheritance, is a way of preventing multiple "instances" of a given class appearing in an inheritance hierarchy when using Access Control and Inheritance. A derived class can access all the non-private members of its base class. Thus base-class members that should not be accessible to the member functions of derived classes should be declared private in the base class. Constructors, destructors and copy constructors of the base class. A virtual function a member function which is declared within base class and is re-defined (Overriden) by derived class. When you refer to a derived class objectPolymorphism in C++ - Learn C++ in simple and easy steps starting from basic to Consider the following example where a base class has been derived by other . Defining in a base class a virtual function, with another version in a derived C++ solves this issue by introducing a virtual base class. When a class is made virtual, necessary care is taken so that the duplication is avoided regardless of C++ Virtual Base Class. Virtual base class is used in situation where a derived have multiple copies of base class. Consider the following figure: Interfaces in C++ (Abstract Classes) - Learn C++ in simple and easy steps starting Base class class Shape { public: // pure virtual function providing interface